Conferences

As part of the session "Input-Output Analysis: Sustainable Production and Consumption policies (2)". See more on ENTICE's participation to the 32nd International Input-Output Association Conference here 

As part of the session: "Input-Output Modelling: Disaster analyses (1)". See more on ENTICE's participation to the 32nd International Input-Output Association Conference here 

As part of the session "Enriched IO Models". See more on ENTICE's participation to the 32nd International Input-Output Association Conference here 

As part of the session "Advancing Multi-Regional EEIO Models: A Developer’s Summit on Learnings, Evolution, and Future Directions (I)". See more on ENTICE's participation to the 32nd International Input-Output Association Conference here 

As part of the session Methodological advances in extending input-output databases: sectoral disaggregation, matrix augmentation, and hybrid approaches. See more on ENTICE's participation to the 32nd International Input-Output Association Conference here 

This study investigates the macroeconomic and trade implications of the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and of a potential expansion by major economies using the GEM-E3 general equilibrium model. By formulating three scenarios of increasing CBAM adoption, we assess the economic implications on GDP, trade patterns, and sectoral performance. The results confirm that CBAM has only limited economy wide and global macroeconomic implications, with total GDP effects remaining small across all scenarios, with GDP changes ranging from -0.02% to -0.11%.Global greenhouse gas emissions and aggregate trade volumes are likewise only marginally affected, even under wider international adoption of CBAM. Country level impacts are determined by fossil fuel dependance and emission intensity in the production of CBAM-related sectors. Countries implementing CBAM, notably the EU, experience a reallocation of competitiveness: while CBAM covered sectors are partially insulated from carbon leakage, the economy wide outcome is shaped by indirect effects on downstream activities. Countries with cleaner production profiles, such as Japan and South Korea, record higher competitiveness due to lower export costs and experience GDP gains. A central finding is that downstream and upstream sectors not directly covered by CBAM account for a large share of the aggregate economic adjustment, emphasizing the need for coordinated policy design and transitional support for vulnerable economies.

Industrial policy nationalism threatens international collaboration on climate change mitigation. Using regulatory, fiscal, or trade policies to protect and promote the interests of national industries against external competition may increase the cost of trans-formation and delay the diffusion of key low-carbon technologies. But how large are these effects? And do these measures actually help to achieve the objective of strength-ening domestic industrial competitiveness and resilience of domestic industries? Employing a macroeconomic model, we assess scenarios with varying stringency of pro-tectionism between major industrial economies. We find that industrial policy national-ism may double the mitigation cost for some regions in the most stringent case. Its en-vironmental effects are small as reduced economic growth compensates for less efficient climate action. We also show that industrial policy nationalism is hardly effective. Only under the most stringent assumptions can we observe some limited success in boosting domestic competitiveness of green industries. Our analysis provides the first quantitative assessment of a recent global policy trend. Our results highlight the signif-icant collateral damage that industrial policy nationalism can have for the climate and sustainable development and underscore the need for collaborative governance to ad-dress these adverse effects.

Europe’s pursuit of net-zero emissions by 2050 is driven by the urgent need to contribute to global climate efforts and enhance its energy security, reducing its reliance on imported fossil fuels. The path to net zero entails a significant, economy-wide uptake of clean energy technologies. However, geopolitical tensions impeding trade, resource unavailability, or sociopolitical factors may give rise to considerable constraints to the uptake of such technologies. Using a diverse model ensemble, we explore the implications of limitations in terms of availability of critical low-carbon technologies such as renewables and batteries, biomass, and carbon capture and storage. Our findings suggest that such constraints could impact mitigation efforts as costlier alternatives become essential, compromise energy security while increasing reliance on fossil fuel imports, and drive cumulative emissions upwards, essentially jeopardizing the EU’s mid-century climate targets. We underscore the need for resilient energy-system transformations capable of withstanding geopolitical and technological disruptions, including policies prioritizing the acceleration of energy efficiency and renewable energy diffusion.

Strategic, competitiveness-driven, and protectionist trade measures are increasingly reshaping global trade, while climate commitments face mounting urgency. Recent shifts in economic governance suggest a departure from decades of liberalisation, with governments increasingly adopting measures to boost domestic competitiveness or restrict imports. While trade-restricting measures such as tariffs and non-tariff barriers directly limit market access, industrial policies aimed at strengthening domestic competitiveness and strategic autonomy indirectly affect trade flows and production patterns. Although often driven by different objectives, these measures risk weakening international cooperation, distorting markets, and reprioritising domestic competitiveness over global collaboration, including on climate action. This evolving policy landscape calls for renewed scrutiny of the trade-climate nexus. This contribution offers an integrative framework that brings together fragmented insights on trade-climate interactions and applies them to current policy developments. By mapping the key mechanisms through which trade influences emissions, their interactions, and the enabling conditions that shape environmental outcomes, the paper clarifies when and how different trade regimes may either hinder or support climate objectives.

Since early large-scale macroeconomic modelling, trade and technological change have typically been represented through simplified assumptions. This paper conducts two systematic literature reviews using Scopus—one on trade theory and one on endogenous technological change (ETC)—to assess how more advanced mechanisms have been incorporated into CGE and macroeconomic models. On the trade side, we find that the Armington assumption remains dominant due to its tractability, despite its inability to capture firm heterogeneity, selection effects, and new export varieties. Krugman-type models introduce demand-side variety effects but are less suitable in multi-region settings. Melitz-type frameworks provide a more complete representation, capturing both variety and productivity effects and allowing trade-induced changes in firm composition, which are crucial for analysing trade cost policies. However, their implementation remains limited due to computational complexity, data requirements, and numerical instability, leading many studies to adopt hybrid approaches that approximate Melitz within an Armington structure. On the technological change side, the literature shows a shift from exogenous to endogenous representations, mainly through learning-by-doing and R&D-based knowledge accumulation, often complemented by spillover effects linked to trade and investment. While these approaches enhance realism, they introduce conceptual, empirical, and computational challenges, including conflicts with standard CGE assumptions, parameter uncertainty, and increased non-linearity. Overall, although modelling has progressed significantly, the full integration of advanced trade and ETC mechanisms in large-scale models remains constrained, requiring simplifications or partial adoption.

ENTICE was represented at the 6th Swiss Social Sciences and Humanities Energy Research Workshop (SSH Energy 2026), held on 16–17 June 2026, in Zurich. Among other qualitative frameworks and methods, ENTICE researchers adopted a narrative analysis perspective to examine the Trade–Climate–Industry nexus across five EU countries (Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Poland, and Greece), drawing primarily on national media narratives.

The presentation, titled “Narratives Reflecting National Priorities and Wider EU Competitiveness and Energy Concerns on Trade–Climate Implications and Projections” focused on findings from the Greek case study revealing persistent themes such as protectionism, trade cooperation and disruptions, as well as how recent EU climate policy instruments—such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and the EU Emissions Trading System —are framed and perceived in public discourse.

The workshop was organised by the Cultural Studies of Science and Technology Group at ETH Zurich for the third consecutive year, bringing together researchers working across disciplinary boundaries to explore the social, political, and cultural dimensions of energy transitions.